Respond to the following questions about reinforcement in 175 to 350 words each include in text citations and references.

1.            Choose a behavior you would like to shape on someone you know. Select a terminal and initial behavior and the steps you would use to shape the behavior. Would you utilize punishment or reinforcement? Would fixed or variable outcomes play a role in your procedure?

2.            Choose a task that you would teach a 5-year-old child to perform. Consider some of the following: tying shoe laces, brushing teeth, making a sandwich, making a bed, and so forth. What would your task analysis look like? For example, what would the steps be and how many steps would you have? Once you develop the task analysis, what might you do before putting it into place to ensure its effectiveness?

3.            You just taught a shy 2nd-grade student how to ask for help when he needed it on his vocabulary sight words rather than sitting quietly and not completing his work. However, you want the behavior to occur in other settings when he needs help. What process would you follow to teach him how to ask for help in multiple contexts?

4.            Conversly, one of the 2nd-grade boy’s classmates is raising her hand and asking for help even on tasks she knows how to complete. This happens during recess, in phys ed, or when given a task she has completed multiple times before. What process would you follow to teach when and where raising her hand is appropriate?

Review the material from our text related to motivation operations.   What are some examples of these?   How might these impact learning?   How might these impact behavior?